{"id":13873,"date":"2019-06-03T18:46:09","date_gmt":"2019-06-03T18:46:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.impactmania.com\/im\/?p=13873"},"modified":"2020-09-02T20:07:51","modified_gmt":"2020-09-02T20:07:51","slug":"artist-barbara-caveng-a-first-class-migrant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.impactmania.com\/im\/artist-barbara-caveng-a-first-class-migrant\/","title":{"rendered":"Artist Barbara Caveng: A First Class Migrant"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">The topic of immigration has dominated the recent <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019_European_Parliament_election\">European Parliament election<\/a>. <em>impactmania&#8217;s<\/em> new program with University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) will look at the world&#8217;s current people movement, whether that is motivated by economic- political- or climate changes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Between 2011 and 2017, Germany welcomed 500,000 Syrians, making it the fifth-largest displaced Syrian population in the world according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/01\/29\/where-displaced-syrians-have-resettled\/\">Pew Research Center<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">The acceptance level of the new status quo has been less reassuring. Both from the state and the public, the response to the now presumably 700,000 refugees has turned colder in the last years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">A number of individuals and organizations are doing their best to help the new arrivals settle in and find ways to build a new home, even if it is temporary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">One of these people is the Swiss-born artist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.impactmania.com\/article\/barbara-cavengs-kunstasyl-body-power\/\">Barbara Caveng<\/a>, who started her initiative, <em>Kunstasyl<\/em> in February 2015. With the inhabitants of the residential home for asylum seekers and displaced persons at Staakener Stra\u00dfe in Berlin, she tried to find ways to navigate the complicated situation of building a home and community for those far from home.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h5>BY PAKSY PLACKIS-CHENG<\/h5>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Barbara, my colleague, Sebastian Schumacher, interviewed you a few years ago about the <em>Kunstasyl<\/em> initiative. How do you look at the project four years later?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><em>Kunstasyl<\/em> was a first project for me that brought me so close to people during a long period of time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">We had this big show at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/en\/museums-institutions\/museum-europaeischer-kulturen\/home.html\">Museum of European Cultures<\/a> in Berlin. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">We worked for four months, with 25 peoples, and developed the whole exhibition landscape, which became one of the most successful exhibitions in history for the Museum of European Culture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>What did visitors encounter?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">We decided to work with mattresses. The quality of the [asylum centers\u2019] mattresses is very, very bad and very painful for people. We took parts of these beds and transformed them. A mattress and bed can become a boat. If you stand them up, you can give them the shape of tents. It&#8217;s provisory architecture, people inventing huge installations. We also transformed parts of the mattresses into waves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>A wave made by [people\u2019s] mattresses must be an overwhelming image.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Exactly\u2026 and very frightening. The group [of displaced people] was presenting the exhibition\u2014everybody in the exhibition talked for him- or herself, which is very important. Because we are always talking about things we don&#8217;t know about.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>You mean: we speak about other people\u2019s experiences?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">We, in Europe, talk about life experiences we didn\u2019t experience. We decide what is good for people who had to flee and we don&#8217;t give them a chance to express themselves. It&#8217;s very hard to build up a common society if we don&#8217;t listen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">We go on with talking and we are not ready to listen to others, it&#8217;s very hard if they just have to follow us. I&#8217;m completely against terms like integration, because the integration is all from our view. The ideas we have about societies\u2014we say, \u201cYou have to fit into this idea.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">It will not be possible to progress in social development if we just force people to become like us.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Are you saying we collectively need to rethink society?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Exactly. We have to talk about a European society. We have a good foundation, but we should not say, \u201cThat&#8217;s it, finished.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">At the time, it was very interesting because I was working in a rural area. I recognized that I forgot society in that landscape. I would call it very closed. People are not really against migration but there is a tendency to be against it. These societies developed so slowly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>You must recognize that it&#8217;s really fearful for a lot of people. They&#8217;ve only known a very homogenous way of living. Now all of a sudden we tell them, \u201cYour lives are going to be dramatically different. A group of people from outside your community is going to live in your neighborhood.\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Of course, we have to talk about what kind of vision you have of society. What kind of vision you have of living as a human being and being on this planet? The borders of national states are reinforced in Europe. I&#8217;m really sad about this and disappointed. In 2015 there were 1 million people coming newly to Germany. [<a href=\"https:\/\/qz.com\/567469\/germany-is-taking-in-more-refugees-in-2015-than-the-us-has-in-the-past-10-years\/\">Germany took in more refugees in 2015 than the U.S. has in the past 10 years<\/a>.]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">The society fought for it, behaving like human beings. Then civil society was very strong.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Now nobody wants to talk about it again. Of course, people are tired.\u00a0\u00a0 People have all these fears. Will they take my bag? Will I have less than I have now because they take from us?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Why are these issues important to you?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">It&#8217;s a very good question. I think this topic has always been part of my life because I was born in Switzerland. I was born at a time when the Swiss were known as the good ones. I grew up with the feeling the world is good.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">The responsibility my father taught me: we, Swiss [people], have to know where we are from\u2014our roots, but we are cosmopolites. Now we say global players, but at that time it was this kind of expression.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">That means taking stock of the world, of the planet. At age 13, I did my first long trip by myself. I was very lucky, because wherever I went I had my Swiss passport. I&#8217;ve always been welcome when I visited different spots in the world. A very big part of my learning is through personal encounter, through physical presence. You can&#8217;t learn about the world from books only.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Give me an example of what you learned on your travel.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">My last trip, January 2019, was to Iraq.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">A friend fled from Iraq to German in 2015. I wanted to see his country. I went to visit some of his family members who are still living in Iraq because they can&#8217;t leave the country.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">In 2011, I was in Syria, and through the project I also went to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kosovo\">Kosovo<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albania\">Albania<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina\">Bosnia<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moldova\">Moldova<\/a>. These are all places that people are leaving to come to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\">Germany<\/a>. I wanted to see the places, to feel, and to have an insight.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">This exchange was so important for my personal education, for my understanding of the world. I met so many people who were living in the most desperate situations. And I admire them for the way they try to survive and what kind of values and principles they keep in their life. How they try to keep their beauty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>How did you see that manifest when they come here? Give me an example.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">The most important for each human being is dignity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">The first thing we do is to take away their names: we call them refugees. After the lives they have left behind, we are taking their names. This will really kill people. I want to vote out the term \u2018fl\u00fcchtling\u2019 in German, extinguish it from official use of language.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">You can introduce people by saying: he, she, the child who had to flee. Then it is a person who has a name, dreams, and a profession. This person could be me\u2026it could be me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Yes, it could be us. In the U.S. we have seen climate refugees now, right? We may all be migrants at one point or another.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">We&#8217;ve forgotten, but we are. That&#8217;s maybe the main problem, that we have forgotten that we are all migrants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">If I have to fill out a form, there is always this question: do you have a migration background? I am from Switzerland. My father is Swiss and my mother is Swiss. So I am not considered a migrant. They always let me go.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">I always call myself a first class migrant.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Migration is a beautiful term in its original meaning; it&#8217;s like hiking, just to be on the way.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>What have you learned from working with so many people from so many different countries?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">We wanted to find out, by artistic strategies and techniques, if it is possible to live together. Living together without dominating one another. I would say, yeah, it&#8217;s possible. But I almost ended living with the group for a year to make it work. Sometimes I was sleeping there [residential home for asylum seekers and displaced persons], and I built up very, very, very strong relationships. I really pushed my personal borders in any sense, even physically.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Give me an example.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">I was just there for them. I allowed, especially the women, to touch me. And I listened to all their stories. I was like an empty can for people to put stuff inside. At a certain point, it is almost no longer possible to contain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">If you look at the different religions and people represented in the project, we had <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yazidis\">Yazidis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria\">Coptic Christian<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atheism\">Atheists<\/a>, \u00a0and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orthodox_Judaism\">Orthodox Jewish people<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">It takes a huge effort. The only rule we had in the project was to be open to everyone. Accepting others, no exception. You have to make a 300% effort.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>You were ready to give yourself to make this work, but were people who joined you ready to be open to others?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Yes, but it takes time. At the beginning, we had Muslims in the period of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ramadan\">Ramadan<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Personally, they didn&#8217;t want to practice Ramadan, but they were afraid not to practice. And of course, everybody&#8217;s respecting other people\u2019s faith and practices. But the decision should be a personal decision, not a rule by a government or social pressure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>What would be some steps towards a new society?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">It has to go very deep in the structures\u2014educational- and government structures. This huge movement of migration in the last years in Europe is a discussion about colonialism. Everybody has to look at history. We talk a lot about individual racism, but it is deep in the system and very deep in the European structural system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">As long as you&#8217;re not changing the structure of society, you\u2019ll have islands of happiness. It&#8217;s not a systemic change. But I&#8217;m a fighter for utopia. Actually, it&#8217;s my profession.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">[<em>Laughs<\/em>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>You&#8217;re a professional utopian!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Yes, I am. A famous art critique called me an Utopist in a positive sense. It&#8217;s not enough just to talk about the realistic and practical things. You have to go farther. We have become a social totalitarian dictatorship. Are we strong enough to defend individual- and liberal rights?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Do you think this is part of progress and that the current social and political climate is just an impasse?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">I&#8217;m not quite sure. If you look at the leaders in the world: USA, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\">Turkey<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungary\">Hungary<\/a>, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">how is this possible?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Germany has a strong democratic sense. But yesterday, I read in the newspaper that one of the ministers of German government, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katarina_Barley\">Katarina Barley<\/a>,\u00a0suggested that cities and villages should apply for refugees.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">What kind of a language is used here? Are we really going back to colonialism? Nobody knows how to talk about these topics.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>You are concerned that if cities can apply for refugees, the next step will be: we only want people from certain countries; they have to look this way, and only 25 of those people?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Yes, you know, not from Africa, no single men.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>How come Berlin is the way it is? It is so unlike other German cities.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Berlin was surrounded by the wall\u2014people who didn\u2019t want to follow the German system at that time, went to Berlin. You weren\u2019t asked to join the military services and there were all these crazy ideas and concepts for living. Other parts of Germany developed strongly in an economic sense.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Berlin is still cheaper than other places; in creative businesses you have people who will say, \u201cIt&#8217;s so nice to be in Berlin, I will work for nothing.\u201d Which is not really healthy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">But when the wall came down, it became a playground, but one on very historical ground. People started coming to the City, because everyone wanted now to see this place.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Tell me about your current project.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">I started last year to work with human hair. It&#8217;s difficult, very interesting material, because it&#8217;s connected to so many things.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">I called in my team to this rural area consisting of 100 hairdressers. Even in quite small villages, there can be three or four hairdressers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Is it a social gathering spot\u2014the community connects at the hair salon?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Absolutely, that is it. The hairdresser takes over a lot of the responsibility of how people want to represent themselves, while it is one of the lowest paid professions in Germany.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">We are collecting the cut hair and I sieve the hair. We call it <em>Haarvest<\/em>, similar to a harvest in the late summer. I&#8217;m working together with a farmer who has this big bale press. We will make a social sculpture with hair.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>It will look similar to a large bale of hay?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Yes, but for one bale I need 300 kilos (661.39 pounds) of hair.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Why hair? What does it represent?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">There&#8217;s the DNA of a person in hair. Once you have the DNA, you can locate the person. It&#8217;s the part, which will last the longest from the human body, even longer than bones. It&#8217;s the thing you\u2019ll find when nothing else exists anymore.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Referring back to migration, the hair left behind almost traces your travel.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Exactly, exactly. You can locate the migration path by hair. Migration was actually the starting point for this project, because a lot of migrants are hairdressers. The culture of treating their hair is different than in our culture. Men in Arabic countries, for example, go to the hairdresser daily. Also in Turkey it is very important for men to groom their beards and their hair.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">It was fascinating to see the men in [refugee] centers who are cutting their hairs themselves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">I also saw young men and young women having white hair after fleeing. Hair is \u201cseismographic.\u201d I visited a friend in Iraq. ISIS beheaded her brother and sent a photograph of this to the family. My friend had long hair that she cut after receiving the photo. Now she has long hair on one side and short on the other. This is part of how they handle something like this and show their sorrow.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">You can read a lot in hair. This makes the material extremely rich.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>What does <em>your<\/em> hair mean?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Mine? My orange hair is just my hair. I think I will die with it [looking like this]. I don&#8217;t know\u2014I love it. There is a Japanese artist [Yayoi Kusama] <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yayoi_Kusama\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yayoi_Kusama<\/a> who is 90. She has orange hair. It is not that we want to look younger; it&#8217;s a completely different concept. Maybe, as long as I have this hair, I have belief in this place called utopia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If I have to fill out a form, there is always this question: do you have a migration background? I am from Switzerland. My father is Swiss and my mother is Swiss. So I am not considered a migrant. They always let me go. I always call myself a first class migrant.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15166,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,29,23,28,24],"tags":[98,356,358,355,87,133,365,82,360,361,363,129,110,364,357,362,366,359],"class_list":["post-13873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-culture","category-community","category-human-mind-and-migration","category-interviews","category-women-of-impact","tag-art","tag-artist","tag-asylum","tag-barbara-caveng","tag-berlin","tag-culture","tag-europe","tag-germany","tag-haarvest","tag-hair","tag-kunstasyl","tag-migration","tag-museum","tag-museum-of-european-culture","tag-swiss","tag-syria","tag-travel","tag-utopia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Artist Barbara Caveng: A First Class Migrant - impactmania<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"If I have to fill out a form, there is always this question: do you have a migration background? 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